![]() Most pueblos are open to the public, and many of their ceremonies can be attended. Pueblo Indian tribes number about 35,000 people who live primarily in New Mexico and Arizona along the Rio Grande and Colorado Rivers. ![]() Today, many of these centuries-old adobe pueblos are still maintained and occupied. Each pueblo was an independent and separate community, though many shared similarities in language, customs, and leaders. Each family generally lived in just 1-2 rooms. The buildings had flat roofs, which served as working or resting places and observation points. In case of an attack, outside ladders could easily be pulled up. Typically, outer walls had no doors or windows but rather openings on the roofs with ladders leading into the interior. The outer walls were thick, sometimes several feet, which provided insulation and defense. The structures were usually made of cut sandstone or sun-dried bricks faced with adobe - a combination of earth mixed with straw and water. These apartment-like structures, sometimes several stories high, often surrounded an open plaza and were occupied by hundreds of thousands of Pueblo People. The Pueblo Indians, who built these communities, are thought to be the descendants of three primary cultures, including the Mogollon, Hohokam, and Ancient Puebloans, with their history tracing back to some 7,000 years. “Pueblo” also applied to the people who lived in these villages, which meant “stone masonry village dweller in Spanish.” The term “pueblo” was first used by Spanish Explorers to describe the communities they found that consisted of apartment-like structures made of stone, adobe mud, and other local material. ![]() Montezuma Castle National Monument, Arizona Kuaua Ruin (Coronado State Monument), New Mexico Jemez State Monument/Giusewa Pueblo, New Mexico Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, New Mexico ![]() Aztec Ruins National Monument, New MexicoĬanyon de Chelly National Monument, ArizonaĬhaco Culture National Historical Park, New MexicoĬhimney Rock Archeological Site, ColoradoĬrow Canyon Archaeological Center, Colorado ![]()
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